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Search by topic:   17013. THE REFORM EFFORTS OF MUHAMMAD ALI, PASHA OF EGYPT. In early nineteenth century, Egypt was a semi-autonomous state within the Ottoman Empire. At that time, Egypt’s leader, Muhammad Ali, instituted a series of modernizing reforms. This paper examines those reforms and considers how Muhammad Ali’s reform efforts were subsequently undermined during the reign of his son, Ismail Pasha. Keywords: Muhammad Ali Egypt modernization reforms. Written 2004. 7 pages; 21 footnotes; 5 bibliographic sources. 1,558 words.   $49 Copyright 2002 Academic Research Papers Associate Term Paper Sites: Academic Research Papers Academic-Research-Papers Research Central Term Paper Assistance