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Search by topic:   04960. PROBATION SERVICES IN CALIFORNIA. The historical origins of the probation concept and the evolution of the existing system in California are discussed in this paper. The philosophy of probation ", the bureaucracy of the system, and the current criticism of that system are also considered; probation is seen as an effective alternative to incarceration. 12 pages, 17 footnotes, 8 bibliographic sources.   $84 Copyright 2002 Academic Research Papers Associate Term Paper Sites: Academic Research Papers Academic-Research-Papers Research Central Term Paper Assistance