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09367. THE ROLE OF VIRTUE IN GOVERNING A PRINCIPALITY IN MACHIAVELLI’S “THE PRINCE”. Considers Machiavelli's argument that a prince should give the appearance of virtue, and not necessarily practice it. 5 pages, 6 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source.
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$35
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09202. THE SOCIAL CONTRACT: ROUSSEAU AND THE MODERN VIEW. Compares French philosopher Rousseau's ideal society with that of modern American sociologist C. Wright Mills. 5 pages, 5 footnotes 2 bibliographics sources.
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$35
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09201. "THE PRINCE" BY MACHIAVELLI. Presents an overview of Machiavelli's thoughts about society and the character of rulers as expressed in his major work. Also considers contemporary political figures in light of The Prince's assertions. 6 pages, 7 footnotes in text, l bibliographic source.
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$42
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09200. MINORITY AND MAJORITY RIGHTS IN MILL'S "ON LIBERTY". An interpretation of Mill's views on individual rights, which argues that the majority does not have the right to silence the minority. Discusses Mill's views on the value of free debate, the value of personal freedom and liberty and the rejection of central authority. 5 pages, 5 footnotes, l bibliographic source.
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$35
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09199. NIETZCHE'S PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY: THE INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT OF AN HISTORICAL MYTHOGRAPHER. A biography of Nietzsche and his philosophy as exemplified through his major works. Focuses on the Nietezsche's philosophy of history and his emphasis on the on the effort of the individual. The author's "The Will to Power" is examined in detail. 31 pages, 51 footnotes, 38 bibliographic sources.
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$133
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09198. MILL ON SMOKING IN PUBLIC. Argues that John Stuart Mill would have supported a ban on smoking public places and airplanes. Support is drawn from Mill's "On Liberty." 5 pages, 5 footnotes, l bibliographic source.
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$35
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09197. HOBBES AND OBEDIENCE TO THE LAW. Hobbes' doctrine of sovereignty and his views on individual obedience to the law. Draws support from Hobbes' "Leviathan" and Rousseau's "The Social Contract" to compare Hobbes' position with that of Rousseau. 5 pages, 3 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources.
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$35
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09035. SOCIAL DARWINISM AND MODERN SOCIETY. The roots of Social Darwinism in the theory of evolution and Spencer's interpretation are examined in this study. 7 pages, 5 footnotes, 4 bibliographic sources.
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$49
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09005. THE WEAKNESS OF POWER IN MACHIAVELLI'S "THE PRINCE". Discusses Machiavelli's concept of political power and why he believed that powerful men run the risk of becoming victims of their own strength. 3 pages, l footnote, l bibliographic source.
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$21
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08969. THOMAS MORE'S UTOPIA. Discusses the social and political themes in More's Utopia, concluding that the author's real purpose in writing Utopia was to make an implicitly unfavorable comparison of modern English society with the ideal. 5p., 10f., lb.
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$35
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08968. UTILITARIANISM. Defines and discusses utilitarianism according to the philosophies of Hobbes, Aristotle, and Machiavelli. 3 pages, 0 footnotes, 0 bibliographic sources.
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$21
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08967. LOCKE'S ESSAY CONCERNING HUMAN UNDERSTANDING. A look at Locke's empiricism and "plain historical method" in terms of epistemology and philosophical abstraction. 4p. 3f. lb.
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$28
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08966. HUME AND CAUSALITY. The English philosopher's argument against cause and effect relationships is discussed, and counter-arguments considered. 5p., 3f., lb.
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$35
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08965. CARTESIAN DOUBT AND CERTAINTY IN PHYSICS. Examines the criteria for "clear and distinct" knowledge outlined by Descartes in his treatment of matter in motion in The Meditations. 4p. 3f. lb.
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$28
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08964. DESCARTES AS THINKING BEING IN "THE SECOND MEDITATION". Considers the implications and significance of Descartes' statement of "I am, I exist" as put forth in his Second meditation. ALSO SEE: First Meditation, Paper 08962. 5p., 6f., lb.
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$35
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08963. MACHIAVELLI'S THE PRINCE: MEANING, RESPONSE, AND LEGACY. Examines The Prince as a "Great Book" in the context of life between 14000 and 1800. After briefly describing the historical context of Machiavelli's work, the investigation summarizes content and meaning in Machiavelli's work. 7 pages, 10 footnotes, 5 bibliographic sources.
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$49
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08962. DESCARTES' "FIRST MEDITATION". Discusses Descartes' goal, his plan to proceed, and the considerations which lead him to worry that we have no knowledge of the external world. SEE ALSO: Second Meditation, Paper 08964. 5p., 7f., lb.
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$35
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08961. FREEDOM IN MACHIAVELLI, HOBBES AND MARX. The positive and negative conceptions of freedom in the three political philosophers are compared: liberty is seen as a limited reality in each of them. 8 pages, 10 footnotes, 4 bibliographic sources.
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$56
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08932. THOREAU'S JOURNAL. The author's powers of observation and solitary philosophy are examining through excerpts from his journal. 5 pages, 6 footnotes, l bibliographic source.
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$35
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08913. MORE'S UTOPIA. The feasibility of More's Utopian communism in a modern economy is examined. 6p. 5f. lb.
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$42
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08697. DICKENS, DOSTOEVSKY AND FREUD. A comparison of three l9th Century writers with the l8th Century thinkers of the Enlightenment, discussing the conflict between reason and feeling. Specifically examines Dickens' "Hard Times", Dostoevsky's "Notes From the Underground", and Freud's "Civilization and Its Discontents". 8 pages, 9 footnotes, 3 bibliographic sources.
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$56
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08670. DESCARTES' "COGITO ERGO SUM". Analysis and critique of Descartes' argument establishing a first principle of starting point for philosophical inquiry. Presents the argument's structure in clear English and gives a critique of the premises and the argument itself. 5 pages, 0 footnotes, 0 bibligraphic sources. Plus graph of Representation of Argument Structure.
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$35
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08190. ROUSSEAU'S CONFESSIONS AS ROMANTIC LITERATURE. Rousseau's autobiography is considered as a work of romantic realism and as a work of spiritual rather than material nature. 4 pages, 7 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources.
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$28
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08160. AN ESSAY CONCERNING HUMAN UNDERSTANDING BY JOHN LOCKE. Critical interpretation of Chapter VIII and Locke's distinction between primary qualities, sensible qualities and "powers" in bodies. Presents Berkeley's criticism of Locke's theory of primary qualities. 5 pages, 3 footnotes in text, 1 bibliographic sources.
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$35
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07586. PHILOSOPHICAL LIBERALISM. A study of the development of philosophical liberalism from the 16th century to the present. Discusses the ideas of Locke, Rousseau, and Bentham, and the state of liberal philosophy today. 5 pages, 5 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources.
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$35
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07585. THE PHILOSOPHY OF FATALISM. Good brief summary of the elements of fatalism in several major world philosophies and religions: Hindu, Buddhist, Islam, Aristotle, Plato, and Roman Stoicism. 5 pages, 8 footnotes, 4 bibliographic sources.
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$35
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07113. THE AMERICAN CONSTITUTION AND 18TH CENTURY PHILOSOPHY. A study of the metaphysical beliefs of the framers of the United States Constitution presents the argument that the Enlightenment world view was based on a deist concept of self-evident truths. 10 pages, 14 footnotes, 3 bibliographic sources.
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$70
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07092. DARWIN AND THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION. Overview of the development of evolutionary theory from 18th Century to present. Includes predecessors of Darwin, Darwin's contribution, genetics from Mendel to Crick and Watson, modern understanding of how species are formed: allopatric, sympatric and parapatric models of speciation. 8 pages, 8 footnotes, 4 bibliographic sources.
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$56
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07043. RENAISSANCE HUMANISM. Development of a new humane philosophy based on study of the ancients; covers the thought of Petrarch, Erasmus, More, and many lesser known writers. 5p. 1b. Notes in text.
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$35
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06784. MILL'S CONCEPT OF LIBERTY. A critique of the notion that the acceptance of Mill's ideas on liberty would be of more harm than good to society, looking at issues of social responsiblity. 5 pages, 5 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources.
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$35
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06743. MACHIAVELLI AND TRADITIONAL POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY. Machiavelli's newer political philosophy of individual power and self-interest is contrasted with the older political philosophy of Aristotle and Plato. 5 pages, 3 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source.
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$35
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06730. MACHIAVELLI AND SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST. An interesting study of the political theory of Machiavelli, viewing The Prince as a precursor to the 19th century theories of social Darwinism and the Nietzschean cult of the superman.- 12 pages, 20 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources.
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$84
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06728. ARISTOTLE AND MACHIAVELLI. A comparison of the political theories of the two thinkers, focusing on their views of human nature and the evolution of various forms of government. 15 pages, 18 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source.
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$105
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06678. DAVID HUME. The life and work of the 18th century Scottish philosopher are discussed in this paper; the study focuses on Hume's concept of the "self " as a convenient fiction. 5 pages, 2 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source.
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$35
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06674. THOREAU'S ASCETIC IDEAL: LUXURY AND NECESSITY IN “WALDEN”. The themes of luxury and necessity in Henry David Thoreau's classic "Walden" are analyzed. His emphasis on economy, self-reliance, and self-denial is discused, and his views on women and sexuality are speculated upon. 9 pages, 11 footnotes, 15 bibliographic sources. Notes in text.
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$63
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06541. BRITISH EMPIRICISM. Locke, Berkeley and Hume are seen as seventeenth and eighteenth century advocates of empiricism, each holding that there are no innate ideas. The major works of each thinker are reviewed and their ideas on mind/body, infinity and experience are compared in detail. 26 pages, 27 footnotes, 4 bibliographic sources.
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$133
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06538. DAVID HUME. The philosophy of Hume is reviewed in this paper; Liebnitz' ideas are seen as challenging common sense notions about the self, necessity, memory, and a host of other conceptions. 5 pages, 4 footnotes, 3 bibliographic sources.
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$35
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06535. LEIBNIZ ON MIND AND BODY. The mind-body question as viewed by Liebniz is examined in this paper. Leibniz's concept of God as causality is compared to the thought of James and Descartes. 7 pages, 4 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source.
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$49
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06524. THE PROBLEM OF FREE WILL AND DETERMINISM IN KANT’S PHILOSOPHY. Kant's views on the problem of free will and determinism are outlined in this paper. His study of causality and transcendental freedom are examined in particular, and views on the ethical problems posed by freedom are noted. 20 pages, 16 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources.
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$133
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06028. IMMORTALITY. The paper reviews arguments in Scholastic philosophy for belief in personal immortality. Considers Thomas Aquinas, Jacques Maritain and criticisms by Antony Eleur. Includes a discussion of the Scholastic ideas of intellect and the human soul. 10p. 2 references 3f.
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$70
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05944. JOHN STUART MILL'S "ON LIBERTY" (A REVIEW). A discussion of John Stuart Mill's celebrated defense of freedom. Critical but generally positive in tone. 4 pages, 5 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. cited in footnotes.
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$28
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05904. NIETZSCHE: "THE BIRTH OF TRAGEDY." A discussion of the major themes which Nietzsche uses in his treatment of the origin of tragedy and its relation to the rest of art. 5 pages, 1 footnote, 1 bibliographic source.
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$35
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05891. HUMAN NATURE: THE MODERN VIEW. The philosophy and social ideas of Descartes and Hobbes stressing the essentially avaricious and weak nature of men, is the subject of this study. 5 pages, 4 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources.
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$35
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05448. NIETZSCHE AND LENIN - A COMPARISON. A comparison and contrast of the philosophies of Friedrich Nietzsche and Marxism-Leninism. Notes the contrasts between the two systems but finds the parallels more interesting. 10 pages, 12 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources.
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$70
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05419. NIETZSCHE AND MARX. A critical discussion of Nietzsche as set forth in "Geneology of Morals." Suggests some ways in which his thought may not be incompatible with that of Karl Marx. 5 pages, 2 footnotes, 3 biblographic sources.
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$35
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05417a. HUSSERL AND OTHERNESS. This paper presents a critical survey of the reply of the chief philosopher of phenomenology against the charge of solipsism. KEYWORDS: phenomenology husserl critique. 10 pages, 11 footnotes, 3 bibliographic sources.
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$70
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05415. MONTAIGNE AND ERASMUS. A comparison of the Ten Colloquies of Erasmus and Montaigne's Essays, viewing Erasmus as the culmination of the Christian Middle Ages, and Montaigne as the beginning of a new, skeptical attitude. 5 pages, 7 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources.
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$35
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05413. THE PHILOSOPHERS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT. The transition from the skeptical rationalism of Descartes to the skeptical atheism of Hume is examined, with discussions of Christian and anti-Christian sentiment in the age of Enlightenment. 14 pages, 11 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources.
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$98
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05406. THE CAUSES OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC DISORDER. An examination of the dilemma faced by capitalist economic systems between closed and open economic regimes, pointing out that there is some logic to a closed 'national capitalism,' but that the political implications are shown to be dangerous to social stability. 5 pages, 5 footnotes, 2 bibiographic sources.
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$35
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05406a. THOMAS HOBBES’ "LEVIATHAN". This paper reviews Hobbes’ central themes: Men are natural machines and the body politic must design itself to represent man, God’s creation. Human characteristics are treated mechanistically and man is seen in terms of motion and connection. Eventually, Hobbes arrives at absolute monarchy as the most desirable state of government. KEYWORDS: thomas hobbes political philosophy mechanistic absolute monarchy leviathan. 7 pages, 6 footnotes in text, 1 bibliographic source.
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$49
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05405. SCHOPENHAUER ON IMMORTALITY AND DEATH. A thorough examination of the philosopher's concept of man's true nature as indestructible. Schopenhauer's debts to Platonic and Kantian metaphysics are reviewed, and his influence on later existential and psychoanalytic thinkers is considered. 14 pages, 18 footnotes, 8 bibliographic sources.
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$98
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05404. AUGUSTINE AND MACHIAVELLI. Are shown to forsake the morality of their respective ages and arrive at extremist positions on ethics and justice in the social order. St. Augustine rejects the material world as inherently imperfect while Machiavelli reaches the same conclusion but counsels manipulating this knowledge to one's own ends. 7 pages, 8 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources.
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$49
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05400. QUESNAY. A discussion of the theories of Francois Quesnay, the 18th century economist. Considerable attention is devoted to the economic theory of "physiocracy" in general. Special concern is with the "mystery" of why the wealth of the "sterile class" in Quesnay's Tableau economique appears to increase. 15 pages, 10 footnotes, 6 bibliographic sources.
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$105
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05175. THE MIND-BODY CONTROVERSY IN PHILOSOPHY. The basis of the mind-body problem in the works of Aristotle and Plato are related to the artesian and later positivist conceptions of man's evolutionary potential. 6 pages, 0 footnotes, 0 bibliographic sources.
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$42
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05170. CAMPANELLA'S CITY OF THE SUN. The l7th century Italian philosopher's utopian tract is analyzed, and the major events of Campanella's life are related, in this study. The Defense of Galileo is also mentioned. 8 pages, 7 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources.
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$56
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05146. ERASMUS AND MONTAIGNE. The style of the two essayists and their comments on the prevalence of lying in their day are compared. Montaigne as philosopher and Erasmus as moralist are seen as opposite ends of the l6th century spectrum of thought. 5 pages, 0 footnotes, 3 bibliographic sources.
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$35
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05141. DESCARTES. The life and thought of Rene Descartes, the l6th century French philosopher of rationalism, are looked at. The Meditations and the Discourse on Method are looked at in particular, for their view of the definition of God. 8 pages, 0 footnotes, 4 bibliographic sources.
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$56
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05131. "MAN FOR HIMSELF" BY ERICH FROMM. The noted psychologist's study of a "humanist ethics" is examined. Fromm's critique ranges from Aristotle to Dewey and does battle against relativist ethics, seeing human character as the final determinant of our deeds. 11 pages, 11 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source.
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$77
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05124. ERASMUS AND MONTAIGNE. A comparison of the Ten Colloquies of Erasmus with the Essays of Montaigne, seeing the authors as men of the world who are yet concerned with death and other spiritual issues of the Reformation. 5 pages, 0 footnotes, 0 bibliographic sources.
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$35
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05058. ROUSSEAU'S SOCIAL CONTRACT. Rousseau's analysis of the transition from the state of nature to the social order is criticized and compared with that of Locke, as well as more recent ernmples of social theory. 10 pages, 0 footnotes, 0 bibliographic sources.
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$70
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05056. LOCKE AND SPENCER. A comparison of the works and ideas of two English political philosophers who lived two centuries apart, but who responded to the political exigencies of their ages with contemporary views of the role of property, personal rights and progress. 10 pages, 0 footnotes, 0 bibliographic sources.
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$70
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05024. THE FATE OF THE INDIVIDUAL IN HEGEL AND MARX. The argument is presented that it is unfair--though common--to present either Hegel or Marx as enemies of individualism. 8p., 12f., citing 2 sources.
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$56
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04944. HUMAN NATURE AND GOVERNMENT. A discussion of the basic assumptions about goodness and badness in human nature and the forms of government chosen by a particular people. Hobbes, Plato and Mill are discussed in terms of their views of human nature and political theories, and questions of anarchy, oligarchy and democracy are raised. 9 pages, 6 footnotes, 6 bibliographic sources.
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$63
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04847. WALDEN BY HENRY DAVID THOREAU. Thoreau's philosophy of simplicity and economy, as expressed during his sojourn at Walden Pond, is compared to his quest for metaphysical insight. Thoreau's emphasis on reductionism and personal accounting is seen as an expression of his testing of the limits of human necessity, while his transcendentalism is viewed as less original, deriving as it does from the New England philosophers. 14 pages, 16 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources.
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$98
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04842. DESCARTES, HUME AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT. The scientific method and rationalism of Descartes is compared to the conservative skepticism of Hume. The Discourse on Method is seen as the beginning of the revolutionary thought of the Enlightenment, and the Treatise on Human Understanding as the end of the Cartesian revolution. Issues of atheism, logical reasoning and science and technology are discussed in each of the philosopher's writings. 12 pages, 11 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources.
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$84
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04802. VALUES IN THE WORK OF HENRY DAVID THOREAU. Henry David Thoreau's search for new values in life are examined, and hypothetical reactions of the philosopher to modern events are postulated. His ideas are then compared to a modern pro-technologist's. 5 pages, footnotes in text, 3 bibliographic sources.
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$35
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04674. LIEBNIZ'S THEORY OF SUBSTANCE. The theory of an underlying and persisting substance in the philosophy of Leibniz is analyzed. His arguments for a "plurality of substances" are compared with others and related to his religious background. 5p.. 0f., 0b.
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$35
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04629. THE ENLIGHTENMENT. The leading thinkers behind the emergence of European civilization from self-imposed boundaries of thought are discussed. The early work of Bacon, Descartes and Newton is seen clearing the way for the great "philosophes" and free-thinkers of the l8th cent. French, German and English intellectuals of the Enlightenment are compared with Americans and the problem of reliance on classical inspiration and guidance is discussed. 13p.. 12f., 1b.
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$91
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04627. WALDEN BY HENRY DAVID THOREAU. The concept of seasonal metaphor as a source of unity in Thoreau's book is considered. Changes in nature are seen as a thematic unity under the aegis of the seasonal transformation of his setting. 10 pages, 14 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source.
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$70
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04564. AMERICAN TRANSCENDENTALISM: THE PHILOSOPHY AND MUSIC OF CHARLES IVES. Very well-done study of Emerson and the transcendentalist movement, focusing on the turn-of-the-century avant-garde composer Charles Ives, and his explorations in thought and music; thorough critical study. 9 pages, 8 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources.
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$63
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04452. THE PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORICAL MATERIALISM. Interesting, well-argued paper written especially for Marxist prof; gives good summary of historical materialism, compares it as an explanation of reality to conventional social science; finds that both sides exaggerate their case to fit their political preferences. 8p., 2f., lb.
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$56
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04337. THE VIEW OF NATURE IN ARISTOTLE AND LOCKE. Clever summary and discussion of how these two philosophers viewed the "natural order." Aristotle is found to be more congruent with the facts than Locke, and the writer argues for a more realistic conception of ideals in political discussion. 6 pages, 8 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources.
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$42
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04295. THE IDEAL OF PROGRESS: 1789-1870. Good discussion of the development of the idea that human society should and could move onward, as expressed in European thought and politics in 19th century; includes French society and revolutions, English utilitarians, German nationalists, socialists of all types, science. 9 pages, 9 footnotes, 3 bibliographic sources.
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$63
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04294. 19TH CENTURY THOUGHT: THE IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL CONFLICT. Concise, skillful summaries of the thought of Bentham, Tocqueville, J. S. Mill and Marx, pointing out how each of them represented a reaction to thr ideals of Enlightenment thought and the obvious problems caused by social unrest and conflict. 9 pages, 8 footnotes, 3 bibliographic sources.
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$63
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04293. THE SOCIAL CONTEXT OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT. Smoothly-written overview of the similarities and differences of the l8th Century Enlightenment in France, England, and Germany. Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, Locke, Hume, Lessing, Frederick II and others. l0 pages, 9 footnotes, l bibliographic source.
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$70
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04121. EQUALITY AND JUSTICE IN PLATO AND ROUSSEAU. The ideal state and its concept of justice are compared in the two philosophers. Rousseau's ideal is considered to be the democratic republic, with self-sufficient individuals, and Plato's ideal is the elitist and aristocratic Republic in which equality consists only in the right to pursue higher knowledge. 9 pages, 0 footnotes, 3 bibliographic sources.
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$63
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04095. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND GERMAN ROMANTICISM. The antipathy of German intellectuals to the events of the French Revolution is seen as a romantic, reaction to the Enlightenment and the principles of Reason that motivated radical thought of the l8th. century. 7 pages, 2 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources.
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$49
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04050. MIND AND MATTER IN BENEDICT DE SPINOZA’S “ETHICS”. The basic principles of Spinoza's system are outlined, and the concept of God as thought and extension is examined in light of Spinoza's proofs of God's existence. 5 pages, 0 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. Notes in text.
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$35
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04010. HEGEL'S POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY. A criticism of the coherence of G.W.F. Hegel's philosophical method, concentrating on the dialectic and his organic view of society. The Marxist criticism of political conservatism and Prussianism in Hegel's politics is raised, and the political offshoots of Hegelianism (Marxism and Fascism) are seen as full of internal contradictions. 8 pages, 10 footnotes, 8 bibliographic sources.
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$56
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03980. ROUSSEAU AS A THINKER OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT. Rousseau the Romantic is seen as nonetheless being a product of the Age Of Enlightenment, and his differences with the Rationalists and the scientific Deists is one of style rather than substance. His concern with such subjects as liberty, the natural man, and the social order is seen as evidence of an Enlightenment mentality. 5 pages, 0 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources.
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$35
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03934. FOUR PHILOSOPHERS OF HAPPINESS. The concept of happiness for man and mankind is examined in the thought of Marx, Durkheim, Weber and Freud. The first three are seen as historical and social thinkers, in contrast with Freud's emphasis on the inner life and pessimism about man's future fate. 8 pages, 6 footnotes, 3 bibliographic sources.
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$56
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03872. THE STATE AS A "REPUBLIC OF VIRTUE." An inquiry into the question of virtue in the state, and whether individual or collective virtue is needed in the ideal state. The ideas of Rousseau and his "Republic of Virtue" from Government in Poland and The Social Contract are compared with those of Hobbes' Leviathan, and applications to contemporary problems in American government are made. 10 pages, 0 footnotes, 0 bibliographic sources.
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$70
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03870. A COMPARISON OF TWO UTOPIAS: MORE'S ADU CAMPANELLA'S. Points of similarity and contrasts in More's Utopia and Campanella's The City of the Sun are discussed in detail. The Utopian ideal is considered in terms of the history of idealist thought and the Utopian literary genre, and a scholarly treatment of the social orders of the two works is made. 23 pages, 43 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources.
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$133
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03774. AUGUSTE COMTE'S POSITIVISM AND MODERN SOCIETY. Comte's social theory and contribution to the science of sociology through Positivism are examined. The stages of growth and the phenomenal world view are related to the contemporary world, and compared to the sociology of George Simmel. 10 pages, 1 footnote, 1 bibliographic source.
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$70
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03688. JOHN DEWEY'S RECONSTRUCTION IN PHILOSOPHY. Dewey's "elephantine assumptions" about change and the interaction of living things are related to the order of life and the social structures of man. 4p.,0Of., 0b.
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$28
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03548. THE IDEALISM OF BISHOP BERKELEY. Berkeley's rejection of Locke's notion of material substance in favor of idealism is seen in light of Bertrand Russell's later hypothesis of the uncertainty of all knowledge. Berkeley's Principles of Human Knowledge is seen as a spiritual and ideal response to materialism. 8 pages, 5 footnotes, 5 bibliographic sources.
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$56
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03523. HEGEL'S VIEW OF HISTORY AND THE STATE. A well-documented essay on the leading motifs in Hegel's philosophy. The paper includes a brief biographical note on Hegel, an explanation of his view of history, change and proces s as explained by dialectical movement, and the idealism of his philosophy of right. Concepts of freedom, general welfare and the laws in relation to his theory of civil society are reviewed. The thesis is developed that freedom is the keystone of Hegel's philosophy. 17p., s. s. ( charged as 25) 51f., 10 annotated b.
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$119
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03511. VICE AND BOSSUET: AN IDEOLOGICAL COMPARISON. A comparison of the theories of two l8th century thinkers on the philosophy of history. Both uphold the providential destiny of man, but differ in their explanations of the meaning of history. 5 pages, 0 footnotes, 0 bibliographic sources.
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$35
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03371. TWO UTOPIAS: A COMPARISON (PLATO AND SIR THOMAS MORE). The ideal worlds of Plato's "Republic" and More's "Utopia" are compared with regard to the theories of law and society in each. More is seen as wittier, but shallow and eclectic compared to Plato. 7 pages, 1 footnote, 2 bibliographic sources.
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$49
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03277. EVOLUTION, HISTORY AND VALUES. The impact of evolutionary theories on modern philosophy is studied, with a look at Nietzsche, Comte, Spencer, Kant, Negel and Marx. The conflict of the social revolutionists with the classical view of social science is studied and criticized. A wide-ranging study of the controversial history of the philosophical aspects of evolution. 13 pages, 17 footnotes, 18 bibliographic sources.
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$91
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03189. INGERSOLL: THE UNKNOWN LEGEND. The life and thought of Robert Ingersoll, the American "Great Infidell", is reviewed against the background of nineteenth century thought. Ingersoll's career as a freethinker is placed in the context of Darwinism,, Communism and other aspects of Victorian thinking, and the once high reputation of Ingersoll praised. 17 pages, 34 footnotes, 14 bibliographic sources.
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$119
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02368. "FREEDOM" IN SPINOZA'S PHILOSOPHY. Good, thorough overview of Spinoza's philosophy and his views on man's freedom (quite limited in most cases, he feels, unless a man is guided by reason and lives in a well-ordered state.) 10 pages, 29 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources.
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$70
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02364. HEGEL AND SANTAYANA ON THE AESTHETIC EXPERIENCE. A comparison of the thoughts of Hegel on aesthetics and those of Santayana, as found in The Sense of Beauty. The subjective and objective view of beauty and art in each thinker is related, and Santayana's is seen as differing with Hegel on the justification for the existence of art. 10 pages, 2 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources.
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$70
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02345. A HISTORY OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY FROM DESCARTES TO HUME. The leading philosopher's of the l7th and l8th centuries are discussed, (Descartes, Pascal, Locke, Hume, and Hobbes). The basic issues of dualism, empiricism and attitudes toward science and religion are related for each of these figures and their achievements summarized. 12 pages, 0 footnotes, 0 bibliographic sources.
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$84
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02339. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY QUALITIES: LOCKE AND BERKELEY. The existence of primary and secondary qualities in the two philosopher's theories of sense perception is observed. Berkeley's idealist criticism of Locke's "real things" is reviewed, and the problems of epistemology today are considered. 7 pages, 6 footnotes, 6 bibliographic sources.
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$49
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02329. HUME'S THEORY OF CAUSAL RELATIONS AND NECESSARY CONNECTIONS. The ideas of Hume of human reason and the relation of cause to effect are expounded. The problem of intuiting a necessary connection is seen as vital to scientific method, although Hume's insistence on coincidence is theoretically correct.. 9 pages, 0 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source.
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$63
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02328. HAPPINESS AS AN ETHICAL PRINCIPLE. Hume's Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion are reviewed in Part One, and developed in Part Two of the essay into an inquiry into human moral standards. Part Three examines the goal of happiness as a moral standard in the thought of Mill, Freud and Camus. 11 pages, 0 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources.
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$77
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02322. DESCARTES AND SCIENCE. The impact of early scientists such as Brahe and Kepler on Descartes' philosophy of science is examined. Descartes' method is related to the development of scientific theory and the materialist view of the mind/body dualists. 6 pages, 3 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources.
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$42
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02321. DESCARTES' MEDITATIONS ON FIRST PHILOSOPHY. A complete outline of the six Meditations, with a paraphrase and summary of Descartes' arguments in each. The outline includes definitions of terms, quotes from the text, and underlined key terms. 11 pages, 13 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source.
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$77
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02320. DESCARTES AND BERKELEY. Descartes' realism and "clear and distinct" ideas are contrasted with Berkeley's idealism. Descartes is judged to have offered better proofs for his belief in material beings outside the mind that Berkeley for his disbelief in them. 7 pages, 0 footnotes, 0 bibliographic sources.
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$49
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