Academic Research Papers | PERSONALITY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY

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18313. GROUP COUNSELING FOR SOCIAL PHOBIA USING COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY. This paper proposes a ten-session group counseling program, using a cognitive behavioral approach, for persons suffering with social phobia. The paper describes the group’s objectives, criteria for selecting group members, and methods for evaluating the group’s success. In addition, the proposed sessions are outlined, covering such activities as cognitive restructuring, exposure exercises, relaxation training, and social skills training. KEYWORDS: psychology counseling social phobia cognitive behaviorism. APA Style. 12p., 34f. in text, 10b.		$84

18303. GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER. This paper provides an overview and analysis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), a persistent and common psychological disorder characterized by pathological worry. The central features and symptoms of GAD are discussed in the context of DSM-IV TR diagnostic criteria. The paper considers possible causes of general anxiety disorder and discusses theoretical explanatory models, including the metacognitive model and biological/genetic factors. Prevalence, demographic features, associated illnesses (including depression), and both pharmacological (antidepressants, tranquilizers) and psychotherapeutic (cognitive behavioral therapy) treatment options are discussed. KEYWORDS: generalized anxiety disorder gad pathological worry depression antidepressants cbt. Written 2007. APA Style. 6 pages, 28 footnotes, 10 bibliographic sources. 1863 words.		$42

18302. THE DUTY TO PROTECT SUICIDAL CLIENTS. This paper provides an overview and analysis of the mental health professional’s duty to protect clients from suicide or attempted suicide. The analysis describes the current scope of the mental health professional’s duty to protect suicidal clients within the context of professional ethics and applicable case law. The therapist’s duty to protect suicidal clients is analyzed in the context of patient confidentiality issues and patient-therapist privileged communications. Included in this analysis is a discussion of confidentiality issues that may arise in the aftermath of a completed patient suicide. Written 2007. KEYWORDS: patient suicide risk therapist duty to protect. Strict APA Style. 10 pages, 35 footnotes, 12 bibliographic sources plus legal references. 3,589 words.		$70

18301. DUTY TO WARN AND PROTECT IN MENTAL HEALTH CARE. This paper provides an overview and analysis of the mental health care professional’s duty to warn and protect someone else from any imminent dangerous actions of the client. The legal and ethical scope of the professional’s duty to warn and protect is described with reference to Tarasoff and other relevant case law. The professional’s duty to warn and protect is analyzed in terms of its impact on issues of patient confidentiality and the privileged communications between therapist and patient. KEYWORDS: tarasoff psychiatric patients duty to warn. Written 2007. Strict APA Style. 12 pages, 46 footnotes, 21 bibliographic sources plus legal references. 4,417 words.		$84

18090. AUTISTIC CHILDREN & FAMILIES. This paper discusses the unique challenges faced by families in which there is a child with autism. These challenges include behavioral problems, the blocking of family member needs, and social stigma. It is noted that there are different ways (both negative and positive) that family members might react to the presence of an autistic child. The paper also refers to views on the types of strategies and skills that can help families cope with the challenges. KEYWORDS: autism families coping autistic children family dynamics. Written 2006. APA Style. 14 pages, 37 footnotes, 9 bibliographic sources. 3,301 words.		$98

18054. ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER & CRIME. This term paper examines the evidence on the number of criminal offenders (in correctional settings) that have been diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder (APD). The findings have been highly variable and, furthermore, few studies have focused on APD specifically (as opposed to more general categories, such as "mental illness"). Despite this, the evidence appears to show a link between APD and criminal behaviors. It is concluded that there is a need for more and better studies so that effective treatment and education programs can be developed. KEYWORDS: sociopath criminals psychology antisocial personality disorder. Written 2006. APA Style. 6 pages, 12 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources. 1,423 words.		$42

17745. THE PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SPOUSE ABUSE: CONTEXTUAL FACTORS IN THE PSYCHOLOGICAL SUFFERING OF VICTIMS. This paper provides an overview and analysis of the psychological effects of spouse abuse, considering in particular the contextual factors which may serve to exacerbate, mitigate or protect against psychological harm. A review of recent studies provides support for the working hypotheses that the chronic nature and severity of abuse is associated with more extensive psychological impact and that a variety of contextual factors influence victims’ psychological responses to spouse abuse. Type of abuse, history of abuse, social support, socioeconomic factors, gender, and coping skills are among the factors influencing the psychological impact of spouse abuse. KEYWORDS: spouse abuse interpersonal partner violence battered women psychological effects depression ptsd trauma behavior. Written 2006. 12 pages, 45 footnotes, 18 bibliographic sources. 3,473 words.		$84

17739. HELPING CHILDREN FOLLOWING A TERRORIST ATTACK: A CRISIS INTERVENTION PLAN. This paper outlines a crisis intervention response following a hypothetical multiple-target terrorist attack affecting several U.S. cities. The crisis intervention program is designed to alleviate psychological suffering and address traumatic reaction among children aged 4 to 11 years. The plan focuses on children manifesting post-traumatic stress reactions and those considered to be at high risk for developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Following a discussion of children’s likely responses and abreactions to the attacks, a plan for assessment and intervention is outlined. Talk, play and art therapy techniques are recommended for use with the children. Counseling interventions are planned for parents and school personnel. KEYWORDS: terrorism ptsd children crisis intervention child psychology play therapy. Written 2006. APA Style throughout. 8 pages, 21 footnotes, 10 bibliographic sources. 2,246 words.		$56

17738. THE WORK OF THE PROFESSIONAL COUNSELOR: EXPANDING FUNCTIONS AND ROLE INCONGRUITY. . Drawing on an analytical review of scholarly and professional literature, this paper examines the functions of the professional counselor, considering both the proscribed roles and the actual practice of the working professional counselor. The hypothesis that the work and day-to-day functions of professional counselors is congruent with the proscribed roles of counselors within various counseling specialties is only partially supported. Overall, the findings suggest that even in the face of theoretical consensus on appropriate roles for professional counselors, counselors’ roles and functions vary widely. It is argued that the role and function of the counselor adapts and responds to the needs of clients, environmental pressures, and changing theoretical perspectives. KEYWORDS: counseling roles functions work counselor counseling psychologist school counselor career counselor guidance counselor. Written 2006. 15 pages, 61 footnotes, 24 bibliographic sources. 5241 Words		$105

17728. EFFECTIVE LISTENING STRATEGIES IN INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION. This paper provides an overview and analysis of effective listening strategies, a vital element of interpersonal communication. “Listening” is defined and distinguished from mere “hearing” and key concepts in effective listening such as “dialogue”, “empathizing” and the use of open-ended questions are defined and discussed. Following a discussion of theories of listening (particularly those related to psychologist Carl Rogers), the paper discusses the elements of effective listening, providing specific examples. A concluding section takes a personal viewpoint on how an individual might improve his or her own listening style. KEYWORDS: interpersonal communications listening carl rogers. Written 2006. APA Style. 8 pages, 10 footnotes, 6 bibliographic sources. 1,890 words.		$56

17714. PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN CHARACTER IN GIRL INTERRUPTED BY SUSANNA KAYSEN. This paper provides a psychological/psychiatric assessment of the main character and narrator of Kaysen’s memoir of her two years in McLean Psychiatric Hospital in the late 1960s. Following a summary of the book, the paper provides a diagnosis of Kaysen according to the five axes of the DSM-IV; identifies and provides examples of defense mechanisms used by the character; describes the main character’s behavior according to the biological and behavioral perspectives; and comments on the treatment approach. KEYWORDS: psychiatric hospitals mental illness psychological analysis depression dissociative disorder personality defense mechanisms psychology case study. Written 2005. APA Style. 13 pages, 27 footnotes, 6 bibliographic sources. 3,102 words.		$91

17506. LEISURE THEORY. This paper provides an overview and analysis of the philosophical, sociological, and psychological views of leisure, and considers how the three different areas of concern of the theorists affect their conceptions of leisure. Aristotle provides the philosophical perspective, Georg Simmel the sociological perspective, and John R. Kelly the psychological perspective. Argues that regardless of the conclusion that the theorists come to, all three threorists clearly view leisure as a significant aspect of the individual’s life. KEYWORDS: leisure theory leisure philosophy leisure sociology leisure psychology simmel Aristotle john r Kelly. Written 2005. MLA Style. 10 pages, 20 footnotes, 5 bibliographic sources. 2,518 words.f		$70

17412. A PERSONAL APPROACH TO ADLERIAN SCHOOL COUNSELING. Writing from the first person, this paper describes how a school counselor would apply Alfred Adler’s theory of individual psychology and associated counseling techniques in a school setting. Provides examples of Adlerian techniques and discusses what type of personality a counselor would need in order to be comfortable in taking the Adlerian approach. KEYWORDS: school counselor personal approach Adler. Written 2004. 6 pages, 14 footnotes, 11 bibliographic sources. 1,584 words.		$42

17411. AN ADLERIAN APPROACH TO SCHOOL COUNSELING. This paper presents a discussion and analysis of the application of an Adlerian theoretical orientation to school counseling. The paper discusses how Alfred Adler’s individual psychology (and its related philosophies and techniques) fits with the roles, therapeutic goals, and techniques of the contemporary school counselor. It is argued that the Adlerian approach is well-suited to meeting the developmental needs of students and well-positioned to address contemporary challenges related to changing student and societal needs. Keywords: counseling education Adler individual psychology. Written 2004. 12 pages, 51 footnotes, 23 bibliographic sources. 2,873 words.		$84

17392. FAMILY THERAPY CASE ANALYSIS: A SYSTEMS VIEW OF THE JONES FAMILY. Taking the perspective of a family therapist adhering to systemic family therapy principles, this paper analyzes the existing problems in the Jones family. The analysis identifies three major areas of inquiry and the rationale for their selection, identifies three systemic issues with which the Jones family is struggling, and describes the relationship system between Mr. and Mrs. Jones. KEYWORDS: systemic family therapy case study marital problems psychology therapeutic techniques case analysis. 12 pages, 15 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources. 3,229 words.		$84

17385. ANGER MANAGEMENT: SCOPE & EFFECTIVENESS. This paper provides an overview and analysis of anger management programs as they are currently used with adults and youth in the justice system (juvenile and adult), private practice (e.g., substance abuse treatment, in conjunction with psychiatric treatment), and the schools. The objective of the study is to identify the successes and problems with these groups and programs. The first part of the paper provides a survey of anger management programs across the country, divided into sections on anger management for adults and anger management for youth. The second part of the paper reviews the limited number of evaluative studies which have examined the actual effectiveness of various anger management programs. The concluding section enumerates the concerns and limitations with anger management programs and recommends suspending or scaling back use of these programs based on lack of evidence of their effectiveness. KEYWORDS: anger management alternative sentencing substance abuse criminal justice juvenile justice program evaluation. Written 2001. APA Style. 25 pages, 69 footnotes, 32 bibliographic sources. 6,424 words.		$133

17339. BOOK REVIEW: “PROCESS OF CHANGE” BY PEGGY PAPP. This paper provides a review of family therapist Peggy Papp’s book concerned with family therapy and the “paradoxical approach” to bringing about positive change in family systems. The paper provides a summary and critique of each chapter. The reviewer finds the book to be well-written and informative and argues that it can provide a practical guideline for teaching students how to conduct family therapy. One of the best things about the book is its demonstration of the fact that each family is unique; because of this, the therapist needs to be able to sometimes adapt a unique approach to meet a particular family’s needs. KEYWORDS: family therapy positive change family systems paradoxical approach Papp book review. Written 2005. 9 pages, 10 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 2,118 words.		$63

17296. EXPERIENTIAL FAMILY THERAPY. This paper provides an overview and analysis of the experiential approach to family therapy which holds that the lives of both individuals and families are enhanced through the ability to share emotional experiences. Defines the experiential approach; profiles the leading figures in this method, including Carl Whitaker and Virginia Satir; outlines the theoretical foundations; discusses the concept of family dysfunction; describes the goals and objectives of therapy; and describes therapeutic techniques. Concludes with an evaluation of this type of family therapy. KEYWORDS: family therapy experiential approach Satir Whitaker humanism existentialism. Written 2005. 12 pages, 31 footnotes, 14 bibliographic sources. 2,790 words.		$84

17295. FAITH-BASED FAMILY COUNSELING AND FAMILY THERAPY. This paper takes a personal perspective on attempts to integrate faith and family counseling. An emphasis is placed on the concepts and techniques for integrating elements of the Christian faith into individual practice. Argues in favor of drawing on a “faith-based” approach to counseling Christian individuals and families, which holds that “beliefs are the primary source of our attitudes, responses, feelings, and actions,” and “people do what they do because they believe what they believe.” KEYWORDS: faith-based counseling Christianity therapy. Written 2005. 12 pages, 33 footnotes, 13 bibliographic sources. 2,769 words.		$84

17241. BIOSOCIAL THEORIES OF CRIME. This paper discusses how biological factors, personality traits, and social (or environmental) factors interact to contribute to crime. The paper includes a discussion of “biological harms,” twin and adoption studies, and studies on the personality traits and body types of delinquents. Keywords: crime theory biology anatomy personality heredity. 6 pages; 8 footnotes; 4 bibliographic sources. 1,353 words.		$42

17206. THE IMPACT OF DIVORCE ON CHILDREN. This paper provides an overview and analysis of the problem of parents’ divorce on children. The paper first provides a summary overview of the literature examining the general impact of parental divorce on children. Next, the investigation looks at some of the factors which seem to mitigate or exacerbate the impact of parental divorce on children’s well-being. Finally, the literature on post-divorce intervention programs (aimed at helping children of divorce) is briefly considered. Keywords: divorce psychological impact children broken homes parents. Written 2004. 12 pages; 39 footnotes; 26 bibliographic sources. 3,386 words.		$84

17182. RESEARCH ON THE CAUSES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA. This paper provides an overview of research on the causes of schizophrenia, reviewing studies which hypothesize genetic, viral, biological, social, and other environmental causative factors. The analysis emphasizes the methods used in the various research studies, rather than their specific outcomes and implications. Rather than attempting to provide a comprehensive review of the extensive literature on schizophrenia, the paper focuses on a review of a representative sample of the research literature covering the range of major current hypotheses about the causes of schizophrenia and focuses further on the strengths and weaknesses of the methodology used in those studies. Keywords: schizophrenia etiology research methodology. Written 2004. 21 pages; 61 footnotes; 26 bibliographic sources. 5,003 words.		$133

17181. EXISTENTIAL VERSUS FREUDIAN VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE. This paper provides a contrast and comparison of the existential and Freudian view of human nature. Specifically, the essay explores similarities and differences in the existential and Freudian perspectives on freedom and determinism, the basis of anxiety, and the nature of human conflict. A concluding section considers which outlook is more comfortable and examines the implications of the existential viewpoint for the quality of the therapist’s engagement. Keywords: existentialism Freud human society psychology. Written 2004. 12 pages; 32 footnotes; 9 bibliographic sources. 3,380 words.		$84

17180. GESTALT THERAPY. This paper provides a brief overview of the background, central principles, and distinctive features of Gestalt therapy. In looking at the background of Gestalt therapy, the analysis considers the extent to which Gestalt therapy emerged as a response to perceived problems or shortcomings in classical (Freudian) psychoanalysis. The analysis also considers the strengths and weaknesses of Gestalt therapy and looks at how the Gestalt approach to psychotherapy has changed and evolved in the decades since the death of its founder, Fritz Perls. Keywords: Gestalt psychotherapy psychoanalysis Perls. Written 2004. 11 pages; 23 footnotes; 8 bibliographic sources. 2,565 words.		$77

17177. RESEARCH METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY. This paper provides an overview and analysis of research methods in psychology. Following an overview of the scientific method and its application within psychological research, the processes of creating and testing hypotheses, evaluating a study, and creating a reliable and valid experiment are considered. The analysis also considers ethical issues in research, including the appropriate and inappropriate use of risk and deception. The statistical analysis of results and the application of descriptive and inferential statistics are also discussed. The concluding section provides a summary analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of research in psychology. Keywords: psychology research methodology experiments design. Written 2004. 21 pages; 42 footnotes; 11 bibliographic sources. 5,293 words.		$133

17171. THREE APPROACHES TO FAMILY THERAPY: MADANES' STRATEGIC THERAPY, MINUCHIN'S STRUCTURAL THERAPY & PAPP'S SYSTEMIC PERSPECTIVE. This paper provides a comparative analysis of three different approaches to family therapy: 1) the structural approach, as outlined by Minuchin & Fishman (1981); 2) Papp’s (1983) systemic perspective which is closely aligned with the Milan school; and 3) Madanes’ (1981) strategic family therapy. The general perspectives, assumptions, assessment procedures, time orientation and framework, goals for treatment, therapeutic process, therapeutic interventions, and position of the therapist for each approach are explicated and compared. Written 2003. 17 pages; 31 footnotes; 7 bibliographic sources. 4,446 words.		$119

17170. PSYCHODYNAMIC APPROACHES TO DREAM INTERPRETATION: FREUD AND BEYOND. Using Freud’s approach as a starting point, this paper provides an overview and analysis of dream interpretation. The basic principles of Freud’s approach are discussed and explained. The analysis provides an outline of other major psychoanalytic approaches (e.g., Jung, Boss, Perls) to dream interpretation and a discussion of some more recent psychodynamic approaches (e.g., Kramer, Greenberg & Pearlman, Hobson, Hartmann). The concluding section considers the advantages and disadvantages of using dream interpretation in individual psychotherapy. Keywords: dreams Freud psychotherapy . Written 2003. 12 pages; 31 footnotes; 13 bibliographic sources. 3,760 words.		$84

17168. STORIES IN COUPLES & COUPLES THERAPY: USING JANINE ROBERTS' APPROACH TO FAMILY THERAPY IN A COUPLE. Techniques and perspectives from Janine Roberts’ (1994) model of family therapy (which draws on the power of stories) are used to assess and design interventions for a couple. Following a brief overview of the presenting situation and background scenario, a framework for therapy based on Roberts’ model is presented and discussed with reference to Roberts’ theoretical perspective. Roberts’ perspective is compared and contrasted with White & Epston’s model of narrative therapy. These approaches are then briefly compared with the problem-solving and solutions-focused perspectives of Haley and DeShazer. Written 2003. 12 pages; 18 footnotes; 4 bibliographic sources. 3,173 words.		$84

17163. THE PATHOLOGY OF A HOMICIDAL CHILD: MARY BELL. This paper profiles the English child criminal Mary Bell, who, in 1968 at age eleven, killed a 4-year-old and a 3-year-old boy in her hometown of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England. Drawing in Gitta Sereny’s (1972,1999) books on the case and Bowlby’s (1969, 1973, 1980) attachment theory and other supporting works, the paper presents an explanation of why she killed her two young victims. In keeping with the findings of the court appointed psychiatrists in the case, it is argued that Mary could rightly be classified as a child psychopath at the time of the killings and that this psychopathology explained her behavior . It is argued that Mary Bell’s psychopathology developed as a result of her insecure attachment to her mother. Written 2003. 14 pages; 19 footnotes; 15 bibliographic sources. 3,898 words.		$98

17154. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROFESSIONAL COUNSELOR. This paper considers the essential characteristics of the professional counselor. Proceeding from the assumption that the characteristics of the ideal counselor must match the roles, responsibilities and identity of the counseling profession, the analysis begins with a definition and overview of the counseling profession. Following this, the analysis considers the characteristics of the professional counselor, with specific reference to communication skills, empathy, cognitive abilities, professional knowledge base, ethics, and a social-cultural understanding. Written 2003. 12 pages; 39 footnotes; 21 bibliographic sources. 3,678 words.		$84

17104. THE EXPERIENTIAL FAMILY THERAPY OF CARL WHITAKER. This paper presents an overview and analysis of Carl Whitaker’s symbolic-experiential family therapy. The analysis considers the theoretical foundations and goals of the therapy; describes the assessment process and overall structure of the therapy; outlines the role of the therapist and co-therapist; and considers the major techniques of the therapy. The analysis also considers the applicability of this type of therapy and the situations under which (or families for which) symbolic-experiential therapy may be contraindicated or inappropriate. Written 2002. 12 pages; 19 footnotes; 8 bibliographic sources. 3,177 words.		$84

15974. THE IMPACT OF CROWDING ON AGGRESSION. Describes aggression as a learned behavior, and looks at the theoretical views and research studies pertaining to the effects of crowding on aggression. It is noted that some people are more prone to psychological stress when crowded, and that people of different cultures tend to react differently to conditions of crowding. It is concluded that there is a need for more research on this subject. Written 2003. 12 pages; 22 footnotes; 11 bibliographic sources. 3,192 words.		$84

15957. "ANGEL BABY" (1995, MICHAEL RYMER, DIRECTOR). This paper discusses the challenges faced by the main characters in the Australian film, “Angel Baby” which focuses on two schizophrenics who fall in love and try to live a “normal” life. Also considers what the film shows regarding institutional practices, as well as some theoretical interpretations of the events that occur in the film. Written 2003. 7 pages; 12 footnotes; 5 bibliographic sources. 1,719 words.		$49

15954. "AS GOOD AS IT GETS" (1997, JAMES L. BROOKS, DIRECTOR). This paper draws on examples from the film to show how the character Marvin Udall exhibits obsessive-compulsive disorder, according to the Freudian definition. Also discusses how some of Udall’s behavior’s are contrary to the Freudian description, and how his road to recovery seems to be based on a romantic notion of ‘love,’ rather than the use of psychotherapy. Written 2003. 6 pages; 7 footnotes; 2 bibliographic sources. 1,464 words.		$42

15948. PSYCHOLOGY OF DREAMS. This paper discusses three major theories of dreams (psychodynamic, physiological, and cognitive). Each of the three dream theories is described and compared. The concluding section suggests that the true meaning of dreams might be found in a combination of these three theories. Written 2003. 12 pages; 38 footnotes; 4 bibliographic sources. 2,577 words.		$84

15931. TRAUMATIC INCIDENT REDUCTION (TIR) TECHNIQUES. This paper provides an overview and analysis of the Traumatic Incident Reduction (TIR) method and its associated techniques. TIR is a method developed by Frank Gerbode to help trauma victims, including victims of domestic violence, by getting them to recall the traumatic event and thereby assimilate it. The paper looks at the influences of Freud and Carl Rogers on the method and considers the research indications of TIR’s effectiveness. Written 2003. 12 pages; 39 footnotes; 12 bibliographic sources. 2,727 words.		$84

15924. "BASIC INSTINCT" (1992, DIRECTED BY PAUL VERHOEVEN) (FILM REVIEW). This paper presents a psychological analysis of the main characters (Catherine Tramell and Nick Curran) in the 1992 film, “Basic Instinct”. Describes their signs of anti-social personality disorder, and includes a discussion of Nick’s aggressiveness and how he “mirrors” Catherine. 9 pages; 6 footnotes; 4 bibliographic sources.		$63

15922. CONTEMPORARY YOUTH PATTERNS IN LEISURE. This paper reviews the literature on factors influencing leisure choices in youth (including constraints, social class, gender, etc.). It is noted that leisure patterns tend to change over the course of time (as the young person grows older). The role of leisure in personal and social development is also considered. KEYWORDS: leisure studies youth. 13 pages; 33 footnotes; 13 bibliographic sources.		$91

15921. THE IMPACT OF LEISURE ON IDENTITY FORMATION IN ADOLESCENTS. This paper discusses studies regarding the role of structured activities, the impact of gender on leisure choices, and the role of leisure in the development of work-related identities. The conclusion includes reference to some of the policy suggestions that have been made in regard to the topic. 12 pages; 19 footnotes; 5 bibliographic sources.		$84

15918. "FAMILY HEALING" BY SALVADOR MINUCHIN (BOOK REVIEW). This paper provides a summary review and analysis of Minuchin’s book. After first describing his own family background, Minuchin presents several case studies that illustrate his method of conducting family therapy. Keywords: psychotherapy families therapist theory. 5 pages; 15 footnotes; 1 bibliographic source.		$35

15917. "GENOGRAMS IN FAMILY ASSESSMENT" BY MCGOLDRICK & GERSON (BOOK REVIEW). A genogram is a “map” of information regarding the relationships among family members. This book is designed to provide a handbook and reference guide for use of genograms in family therapy. Keywords: family tree history psychotherapy. 5 pages; 14 footnotes; 1 bibliographic source.		$35

15916. THE INFLUENCE OF LEISURE ON PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AND IDENTITY. Emphasizing the findings of three scholarly studies, this paper discusses three major themes relating to leisure and identity formation. These are: 1) gender differences exist in leisure choices; 2) leisure activities facilitate identity formation by providing a way to explore options, and 3) structured activities have a more positive impact than unstructured activities. 11 pages; 22 footnotes; 8 bibliographic sources.		$77

15906. "THE FAMILY CRUCIBLE" BY AUGUSTUS NAPIER AND CARL WHITAKER (BOOK REVIEW). This book is described as an interesting and useful tool for leaning a particular approach to family therapy. Napier and Whitaker describe their work with a particular family (actually a composite of families that they worked with over the years). In this way, they are able to capture the feel of a family therapy session as it progresses. Keywords: families psychotherapy techniques group therapy. 6 pages; 12 footnotes; 1 bibliographic source.		$42

15899. THE USE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD). This paper addressed the problem of mis-diagnosing ADHD and thereby unnecessary placing children on drug therapies. It is argued that psychological testing can be helpful, even if it is not always accurate, as long as it is part of a comprehensive approach to testing for the disorder. 11 pages; 27 footnotes; 8 bibliographic sources.		$77

15853. CHILDHOOD AUTISM. This paper describes the characteristics childhood autism and its rate of prevalence. Also discusses the potential causes of autism and the various approaches to treatment, including medication, behavior modification, and other strategies. 11 pages; 33 footnotes; 8 bibliographic sources.		$77

15852. BIPOLAR DISORDER (MANIC DEPRESSION). This paper provides an overview and analysis of Bipolar Disorder, also known as manic depressive illness. Discusses the clinical features of the illness, its incidence, its possible genetic cause, and treatment options including medication and psychological counseling. 11 pages; 39 footnotes; 9 bibliographic sources.		$77

15842. ALFRED ADLER. This paper discusses Adlerian theory and therapy, including the importance of life goals, treating each client as an individual, the steps and objectives in Adlerian therapy, Adler's views on gender, and the usefulness of Adler's approach in psychotherapy and counseling. 6 pages; 25 footnotes; 4 bibliographic sources.		$42

15841. "SIGMUND FREUD'S CHRISTIAN UNCONSCIOUS" BY PAUL C. VITZ. This paper provides a review and analysis of this book in which Vitz argues that despite Freud's claims of atheism, he was in fact strongly influenced by Christian ideas. The paper includes a discussion of how the views in Vitz's book relate to the views expressed in other words, as well as how they relate to the practice of counseling in Christian ministry. 14 pages; 17 footnotes; 5 bibliographic sources. 3,135 words.		$98

15806. ACTION PLAN FOR INTRODUCING A QUALITY IMPROVEMENT MEASURE IN CLINICAL PRACTICE. This paper provides a plan for adopting a guideline (contained in the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network) regarding the need to provide support and education to families and careers in cases involving schizophrenic patients. Issues discussed include: the need for training, the need for flexibility, the challenges that may be encountered; the management of change; and creating a desired organizational culture. 10 pages; 31 footnotes; 16 bibliographic sources. 2,566 words.		$70

15779. ANALYSIS OF AN ARTICLE ON BULIMIA. Analyzes an article by Sandra R. Yarock that first appeared in a 1993 issue of The American Journal of Psychoanalysis. The article fills a gap in the literature by focusing on four psychological approaches to the study and treatment of chronic bulimia. Written 2002. 5 pages, 13 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source.		$35

15763. THE MEDICAL MODE OF MENTAL ILLNESS: ETHICAL ISSUES FOR THE SOCIAL WORKER. Drawing on a review of the current psychiatric, psychological and social work literature, this paper provides a synthesis of the argument that the medical model as now construed is often an inappropriate and erroneous model for the treatment of emotional issues. While noting the likelihood of a biological bias or predisposition for some of the currently defined major mental illnesses, it is argued that the existing medical model of mental illness all too often functions as little more than an exercise in biological reductionism. Focusing especially on the "soft diagnoses," the analysis advances arguments concerning the questionable reliability and validity of DSM diagnostic categories as well as arguments concerning the extent to which the medical model serves to disempower clients (by removing their sense of control and focusing their attention on uncontrollable biological forces as the sole "cause" of their "illness"), and how clients would be better served through an alternative model. Following from this analysis, and drawing upon the ethic of informed consent as it is encompassed within the National Association of Social Worker's (NASW) (1999) Code of Ethics, it is argued that it is morally incumbent upon social workers to inform clients of both the questionable validity of their psychiatric diagnosis and that the medical model is only a theoretical orientation which has not been scientifically proven. KEYWORDS: social workers ethics psychiatric diagnosis medical model mental illness. APA Style. 33 pages, 109 footnotes, 38 bibliographic sources. 8,518 words.		$133

15757. DEVELOPMENT IN TWO ADOLESCENTS: THE "NORMAL" TURMOIL OF BEING FOURTEEN. This paper presents a comparative analysis of human growth and development in two fourteen-year-old adolescents. The two, one female and one male, are both ninth-graders who attend different junior high schools in the same metropolitan area. Based on extensive interviews with each subject as well as on a review of current literature on adolescent development, the analysis compares the two teens current level of development to the norm (for their age and gender) and to each other. Following a brief background sketch of each teen, the analysis considers the adolescents' physical , cognitive, and personality development. A concluding section considers the progress (or lack thereof) of each adolescent as they proceed through the tasks of development. KEYWORDS: developmental psychology adolescence teen psychology normal abnormal teenage behavior personality. APA Style. 26 pages, 43 footnotes, 10 bibliographic sources. 6,548 words.		$133

15742. BEHAVIOR THERAPY AS APPLIED TO A PARTICULAR CASE. The paper includes a brief literature review describing the theory and techniques of behavior therapy, and a description of the client (a troubled adolescent male with aggression and substance abuse problems). Then, the techniques of behavior therapy (such as reinforcement, modeling and self-management) are used to describe ways that the client can be helped. 12 pages, 20 footnotes, 9 bibliographic sources.		$84

15698. CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE: ARE THE CONSEQUENCES ALWAYS CATASTROPHIC? Based on a review of the academic literature, this investigation provides an overview and analysis of the long-term consequences of child sexual abuse for the adult of survivors of that abuse. In addition to examining studies which point to particular areas of impact and studies which consider mitigating factors in the negative outcomes of CSA, the analysis reviews studies which challenge the common wisdom concerning CSA as a unilaterally harmful experience. 11 pages, 49 footnotes, 22 bibliographic sources.		$77

15696. GAY TEENS: SEXUAL IDENTITY FORMATION IN THE HIGH SCHOOL YEARS. This paper explores gay and lesbian sexual identity formation during the high school years, looking at how high school youth come to their gay and lesbian sexual identities - the pressures, involved, the biases they encounter, their influences, how their friends and parents react, the process of "coming out," etc. The analysis draws on a review of the academic literature on gay sexual identity formation in the high school years as well as anecdotal and first-person accounts from gay and lesbian youth. KEYWORDS: adolescent sexuality gay teens homosexuals teenage sexual identity lesbians high school. APA Style. 13 pages, 43 footnotes, 23 bibliographic sources. 4,505 words.		$91

15663. ANOREXIA NERVOSA AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE. This paper presents an overview and analysis of the connection between substance abuse and one particular eating disorder - anorexia nervosa. Following an overview of the clinical syndrome of anorexia nervosa, the investigation reviews the literature examining the link between anorexia nervosa and substance abuse. Considers how anorexia differs from bulimia in its relation to substance abuse, differences in substance abuse prevalence by anorexia sub-type, whether substance abuse and anorexia arise simultaneously or whether one disorder precedes the other, and theories providing possible explanations for the link between these disorders. KEYWORDS: eating disorders anorexia anorexic bulimia substance abuse drug abuse comorbid disorders. APA Style. 14 pages, 44 footnotes, 20 bibliographic sources. 3,711 words.		$98

15660. REVIEW OF FATAL FREEDOM BY THOMAS SZASZ. A favorable review and analysis of controversial psychiatrist Thomas Szasz's book on the ethics and politics of suicide. Summarizes Szasz's central thesis and major arguments favoring the treatment of suicide as a personal decision and individual choice to be made free from State or medical interference and opposing the sanctioning of physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia. Finds the book to be thought provoking, meticulously researched, and well written. Szasz's arguments are compelling and convincing, although his disdain of the medical profession and the psychiatric discipline in particular can be distracting. KEYWORDS: book review physician assisted suicide euthanasia thomas szasz fatal freedom self determination. 11 pages, 16 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 2,764 words.		$77

15657. PREVENTING AND RESPONDING TO VIOLENCE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS: COUNSELING INTERVENTIONS AND COUNSELOR ROLES. This reesarch paper provides an overview and analysis of counselors' current and potential roles in addressing the problem of school violence in U.S. secondary (high schools) schools. The report looks at appropriate counselor roles and counseling interventions from the perspective of counseling theory and traditional counselor roles with adolescent populations. The essay begins with a brief overview of current thinking on the causes of school violence. The next section considers the traditional and evolving role of the school counselor. The next part of the paper focuses on appropriate roles and interventions for counselors attempting to address the problem of school violence in the secondary schools. KEYWORDS: school violence school counselors counseling interventions high school students term papers. APA Style. 14 pages, 41 footnotes, 26 bibliographic sources. 4,346 words.		$98

15656. THE BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY (BDI): REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF A PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT TOOL. Following a brief overview of the clinical criteria used to diagnose depression and a discussion of the principle assessment techniques used to evaluate depressive disorders, this paper presents a critical review and evaluation of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), a 21-item self-report inventory designed to evaluate the level of depression in adolescents and adults. Argues that the BDI remains a useful and cost-effective tool for indicating potential depression in individuals; however, the BDI is unsuitable as a stand-alone method for diagnosing depression. KEYWORDS: psychological measurement bdi beck depression inventory term paper. APA Style. 16 pages, 23 footnotes, 14 bibliographic sources. 4,132 words.		$112

15655. ETHNICITY AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTION: CULTURAL AND PERSONALITY FACTORS IN DIFFERENCES. This research paper reviews the current psychological literature on the personality and cultural factors influencing attitudes and receptivity towards psychological/psychiatric intervention/treatment among various ethnic minority groups found in the U.S (including various Latino groups, Asian groups, Africa-Americans, and Native Americans). The analysis begins with an overview of the current thinking on culture and personality and the possible implications for this inquiry. Following this, the current psychological literature on ethnic/cultural differences in attitudes toward psychiatry/psychology and manifestations of mental health problems are reviewed and analyzed. KEYWORDS: mental health attitudes ethnic differences psychiatric treatment acceptance ethnicity culture term paper. Written 2001. APA Style. 15 pages; 45 footnotes; 28 bibliographic sources. 5,251 words.		$105

15645. TRAUMATIC BEREAVEMENT: CHILDREN'S RESPONSES TO THE SUDDEN DEATH OF A PARENT. Taking a child development perspective, this paper provides an overview and analysis of children's responses to the traumatic death of a parent. Questions under consideration include the following: How does a child's stage of development affect his or her grief response? Do children have the same "tasks of grieving" as adults? What are some of the mitigating factors affecting the child's negotiation of the grief process? To what degree are children exposed to the traumatic death of a parent at risk for the development of post-traumatic stress disorder? KEYWORDS: bereavement children grief grieving child traumatic parental death. 15 pages, 36 footnotes, 22 bibliographic sources. 4,521 words.		$105

15569. MAN'S SEARCH FOR MEANING (VIKTOR FRANKL). Frankl's concept of "logotherapy" stemmed from his experiences as a concentration camp victim in World War II. In addition, his unique approach to psychotherapy was influenced by the philosophy of existentialism. This review concludes that Frankl's book, which emphasizes the need to find "meaning" in one's personal life, is both well written and practical. 6 pages, 13 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source.		$42

15481. INSANITY: LEGAL VERSUS PSYCHIATRIC VIEWPOINTS. This research paper provides an overview and analysis of legal versus psychiatric/medical views of insanity with a particular focus on the insanity defense and the legal approach to mental illness in the criminal courts. The essay begins with a historical background on the development of the insanity defense. Following this, we consider the use and components of the insanity defense in contemporary American jurisprudence, looking at the acceptance of the insanity defense as a valid legal strategy in various jurisdictions, the alternatives to the insanity defense, and the psychiatric and legal issues surrounding insanity defenses and the disposition of acquitted defendants. KEYWORDS: law psychiatry legal status mentally ill persons insanity defense term paper. Written 2001. APA Style. 13 pages, 48 footnotes, 21 bibliographic sources. 5,502 words.		$91

15465. THERAPY IS LIKE A GOOD NIGHT'S SLEEP: A POSTMODERNIST VISION. This term paper presents an evolving theory/metaphor of therapy which states that therapy is like a good night's sleep. The essay explores the etiology of this metaphor and traces its roots to postmodernist psychology, explaining how the metaphor is in many ways clinically and/or intellectually satisfying, and yet in other ways also clinically and/or intellectually unsatisfying. The discussion and analysis is undertaken within the following framework: 1) an overview of postmodernism in psychology; 2) a synthesis of the metaphor within the postmodernist paradigm; and 3) a deconstruction of the metaphor, examining its fit with a) therapist/client relations and therapist's role, b) therapeutic goals/objectives, and c) therapeutic practices. KEYWORDS: postmodernism psychology psychotherapy benefits essay. APA Style. 15 pages, 39 footnotes, 18 bibliographic sources.		$105

15461. FOSTER CARE AND COGNITIVE-EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN. This term paper explores the impact of out-of-home placement (foster care) on the emotional and cognitive development of school-aged children, with a close focus on the impact of foster care on children's academic achievement and school behavior. The essay concludes that children in the foster care system are at much higher risk of cognitive and emotional development delays then children in the general community. The paper finds that placement disruptions and other factors in the foster care environment contribute to these problems. KEYWORDS: foster care psychological educational impact developmental delay foster families. APA Style. 18 pages, 62 footnotes, 30 bibliographic references.		$126

15459. ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER & SERIAL KILLERS. This paper explores the personality of the serial killer, concentrating specifically on the role of one specific personality disorder – antisocial personality disorder – in serial murder. The analysis begins with a definition of terms, including a definition and outline of the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality disorder. The analysis reviews the literature on serial murder and personality, examining the link between antisocial personality disorder and the behavior of serial killers, briefly illustrating with examples of known serial killers such as Ted Bundy, John Wayne Gacy, Henry Lee Lucas and others. A concluding section briefly considers the appropriateness of incarceration for these individuals. Keywords: sociopath psychopath personality murder serial killing mental defect illness criminal justice. APA Style. 12 pages; 27 footnotes; 15 bibliographic sources.		$84

15455. ALBERT ELLIS AND RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY. This paper provides an overview and analysis of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). Because REBT philosophy and practice is integrally linked to its founder, Albert Ellis, the overview begins with an extended biographical profile of Ellis. Following this, the analysis provides an overview of the basic theory, assumptions, therapeutic goals, technique, and practice of REBT. In examining the practice of REBT, consideration is given to its application in various social, cultural, and psychological settings. KEYWORDS: albert ellis term paper psychology theorist rational emotive behavior therapy. APA Style. 15 pages, 23 footnotes, 15 bibliographic sources.		$105