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10369. EVOLUTION AND CREATIONISM: DARWIN VS. THE BIBLE. Compares Darwin's "Origin of Species" and the Biblical account of creation in book of Genesis. The theory of evolution is described and the attacks from advocates of "creation science" are noted. 8p., 7f., 3b.
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$56
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10367. VOODOO IN HAITIAN SOCIETY AND POLITICS. This paper seeks to uncover some of the mystery surrounding Haiti and voodoo. Rather than approaching the topic of voodoo in Haiti as a cult or evil practice, looks at the way in which voodoo is deeply integrated in Haitian politics and society. Following an overview of the history, definition and basic practices of vodoo, this paper examines voodoo as a cultural force in Haiti -- exploring its uses as a social lubricant and problem-solver and its role as a political tool. 12p., 34f., 14b.
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$84
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10297. THE CHANGING STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE MUSLIM MIDDLE EAST. This paper presents an overview and analysis of the changing status of women in the Islamic countries of the Middle East with a focus on the developments since 1955. An overview of traditional Islamic sex roles and the way in which they differ from traditional Western views is presented as a basis for understanding the changes in women's status. The analysis looks at the changing status of women as evidenced by changes in women's educational status, employment status, and alterations in family and social roles. 14p., 20f., 16b.
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$98
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10293. "THE VANISHED IMAM" BY FOUAD AJAMI. A Lebanese Shi'ite's account of the life and times of Shi'ite cleric Musa al Sadr is reviewed; the mysterious disappearance of the Imam is compared to the fate of the Shia people in Lebanon. 5p., 6f., 1b.
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$35
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10291. THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE ISLAMIC MIDDLE EAST. Overview of traditional and modern role/status of Moslem women; suggests that Islamic women are emerging as a social and political force. 18p., 35f., 14b.
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$126
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10284. THE HAJJ. The rituals and practices of the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca are described. Historical origins and modern changes are noted. 6p., 14f., 6b.
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$42
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10238. THE BUDDHA IN INDIAN ART. The depiction of Buddha in early Indian art is studied. Developments and transformation of the religious leader's appearance in the expansion of Buddhism from India to Ceylon, China and Tibet are traced. 9p., 16f., 3b.
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$63
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10223. BUDDHA AND JESUS AS RELIGIOUS EXEMPLARS. A comparison of the life and teaching of the two religious prophets; revolutionary aspects of both men's philosophies are pointed out. 5p., 6f., 3b.
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$35
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10199. AL HALLAJ: HIS CONTRIBUTION TO SUFISM. The life and works of the mystical Sufi poet, Al Hallaj, are reviewed. Sufi doctrines of union with God, intoxication, and political revolt are found in the poet's lyrical writings. 10p., 20f., 8b.
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$70
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10198. ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM VS. MODERNITY IN SAUDI ARABIA. The role of Islam and the pace of development in Saudi Arabia during its recent past are considered with attention to key factors in rising fundamentalism. Includes a focus on the status of women in Saudi Arabia. The conclusion considers the compatibility of fundamentalist sympathies with efforts at future development. 20p., 41f., 22b.
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$133
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10135. ROMAN RELIGION AND THE MILITARY. Focuses on significance of various Roman religious cults (Mars, Mithras) and Roman values in shaping Rome's military. 5p., 10f., 6b.
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$35
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10090. RELIGIOUS FAITH AND THE LIFESPAN. Examines the concept of religious faith as expressed across the human lifespan; theories of Freud, Jung, Erikson, Skinner and other psychologists are considered, and the differences in religious traditions on age and spiritual growth are noted. 20p., 34f., 23b.
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$133
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09902. ISLAMIC CALLIGRAPHY. A study of the historical development and various schools and styles of Islamic calligraphy. The spiritual and decorative functions of Arabic script are noted, and the importance of Islamic religion for the art form is described. 11p., 19f., 5b.
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$77
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09848. BUDDHISM AND HINDUISM. The two great Asian religions are compared on ten major points: historical origin, sacred texts, concept of God, metaphysics, sects, their view of man and nature, deities, rituals and practices, and their modern evolution. 7p., 13f., 4b.
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$49
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09780. TWO CREATION MYTHS: BABYLONIAN AND CHRISTIAN. Compares and contrasts major and minor themes in the two myths with particular attention to the treatment of politics and political power. 8p., 12f., 2b.
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$56
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09743. ZOROASTRIANISM. The historical origins and development of the ancient Persian religion are examined, and the status of Zoroastrianism in the modern world noted. 6p., 11f., 4b.
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$42
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09733. SUFIISM AND ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION. Defines, considers the origins, traces the evolution, and profiles some of the classical teachers of Sufi mysticism. Also briefly considers Sufiism in the West. 11p., 19f., 5b.
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$77
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09652. NUER AND DINKA RELIGION: HERMENEUTICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES. A comparison of the semiological, hermeneutic approach to analysis of a primitive religion, with the psychological approach. 5p. 6f. 3b.
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$35
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09610. HEALING, MEDICINE AND RITUAL AMONG THE BALINESE OF INDONESIA. Examines the Balinese culture of healing and medicine in light of its well-integrated role in this larger fabric of Balinese life. 9p., 14f., 7b.
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$63
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09599. POLITICS, RELIGION AND THE SATANIC VERSES. Summary and analysis of Rushdie's controversial novel. Author's purpose, style, and major themes are analyzed in detail. The political implications of the book, including its ramifications in Iran and the West, are noted. The analysis includes a brief biography of the author and his previous works. 20p. 40f. 7b.
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$133
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09597. THE SUNNI COMMUNITY IN LEBANON. The essay explores what it means to be a Sunni Muslim in Lebanon today, looking at their social, economic and political roles, their interaction with other factions and their possible future in that country. 11p., 20f., 13b.
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$77
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09581. THE SOCIAL CONFLICT OF TRADITION AND MODERNISM IN THE MIDDLE EAST. Examines the social tensions arising from the conflict between extreme traditionalists and their ideal of traditional culture, and the mainstream of moderate opinion in Middle Eastern societies. 10p., 11f., 8b.
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$70
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09431. TANTRIC BUDDHISM. The mystical practices of Tantric Buddhims are explored in detail; the origins of Vajrayana school in Mahayana orthodoxy are reviewed, and the particular rituals and ceremonies of modern Tibetan Buddhism are described. 31p. 54f. 13b.
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$133
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09226. TAOISM AND ART. Explores the links of Taoism with nature, art and poetry. Considers particular works of Chinese art influenced by Taoist philosophy and provides a background on the tenets of Taoism vs. Zen and Confusianism. 7 pages, 13 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources.
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$49
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09225. LIVING ZEN. A somewhat etheral discussion of the meaning, purpose and practice of Zen. includes an analysis of art within Zen. 10p. 7f. 6b.
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$70
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08984. FUNDAMENTALISM IN MODERN ISRAEL AND ITS LINK WITH ZIONISM; KOOK'S GUSH EMUNIN AND KAHANE'S KACH PARTY. Discusses political fundamentalism in modern-day Israel in terms of its link with early Zionist thinkers. Two different political groups are examined. 5p. 13f. 11b.
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$35
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08940. GODS/GODDESSES AND HEROES/HEROINES: SHADOWS OR LIGHTS? Considers whether myths are really nothing more than entertaining stories or whether in fact they contain deep meaning. Concludes that modern cynicism has changed man's view of myths. 5 pages, 6 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources.
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$35
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08734. CONFUCIANISM VS. TAOISM AND CONCEPTS OF HUMAN NATURE IN EARLY CHINA. Utilizing David Munro's "The Concept of Early Man in China" as a basis, thiis essay examines the two major poles of ancient Chinese thought (Confucianism and Taoism) in terms of their views on individualism, man’s relation to nature, the meaning of history, the function of government, and the ends of moral education. 5 pages, 11 footnotes, 4 bibliographic sources.
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$35
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08660. THE FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM. The Islamic duties of prayer, fasting, charity, confession and pilgrimage are discussed. 5 pages, 5 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources.
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$35
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08649. TAOISM AND CONFUCIANISM. Examines the reasons for the durability of these two ancient philosophies in Chinese culture. 5 pages, 9 footnotes, 3 bibliographic sources.
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$35
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08558. THE FLOOD IN ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN LITERATURE. Compares the ancient Babylonian and Sumerian stories of the Flood, found in the Epic of Gilgamesh and in the Atrabasis text, with the Hebrew story of the Flood in Genesis. Argues that despite surface similarity, the two versions exhibit profound differences in moral and religious realms. 12 pages, 13 footnotes, 6 bibliographic sources.
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$84
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08462. CONFUCIANISM AND TAOISM AS ETHICAL PHILOSOPHIES. Compares the main doctrines of Toaism and Confucianism in terms of their attitudes toward government, morality, and spirituality. Argues that these schools of thought are philosophies, not religions. 6 pages, 9 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources.
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$42
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08435. IS ISLAM, BECAUSE OF ITS ANTAGONISM TO MATERIALISM AND TO ATHEISTIC BELIEFS, A GUARANTEE AGAINST THE SPREAD OF COMMUNISM AMONG MUSLIMS? Argues that the rising tide of Islamic fundamentalism has more or less insured that Communist doctrines will get no hearing in most Islamic countries. 5p. 2f. 2b.
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$35
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08412. HINDUISM AND BUDDHISM: SELF-FULFILLMENT THROUGH THE OPTIMISM OF RELIGION. Arguing from the premise that Western religion is based, in part, on pessimism and a negative denial of the self, the investigator points to the possibility of self-fulfillment through the Eastern religions and philosophies of Hinduism and Buddhism. 9p. 21f. 7b.
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$63
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08309. DEATH AND DYING IN CHRISTIANITY AND HINDUISM. Examines two very different tendencies in religious thought, based on opposing concepts of the nature of the human soul and its metaphysical relationship to the deity. Examines how these different beliefs are reflected in the attitudes towards death and dying found among Christians and Hindus. 9 pages, 9 footnotes, 3 bibliographic sources.
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$63
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08305. POLYTHEISM IN THE MODERN WORLD. Considers the possible explanations for the characteristic antagonism to polytheism among the great world religions, and examines the question of whether or not polytheism is in fact a threat to higher civilization and civilized values. Polytheistic Hinduism is compared to other religions. 18p. 12f. 8b.
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$126
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08303. THE ISLAMIC THEOLOGICAL DOCTRINE OF IJIHAD. Discusses and analyzes the doctrine of ijihad with respect to the struggle between the orthodox interpretation of the Shariah and the need for technological and social progress. Modern changes in interpretation are traced in the countries of Iran and Saudi Arabia. 9 pages, 15 footnotes, 6 bibliographic sources.
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$63
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08301. JEWISH INTELLIGENCE: A FACTOR ANALYSIS. Examines the basis for and relative merits of the Jews; historical reputation or stereotype of cunning intelligence. Both genetic and environmental factors are taken into consideration. Differences in intelligence and speculation on the reasons for these differences within the Jewish population is taken into account as well. 20p. 29f. 22b.
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$133
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08211. THE SELF IN HINDU AND BUDDHIST THOUGHT. Discusses and compares the Hindu concepts of prakriti and purusha and Buddhist concepts of self. Argues that while both Hinduism and Buddhism share a more phenomenal concept of self than do Western religions, the Hindu view is more dualistic than the Buddhist view. 8 pages, 24 footnotes in text, 8 bibliographic sources.
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$56
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08128. THE KORAN AND THE MODERN WORLD. The relevance of the holy book of the Islamic faith for modern life is examined in this essay; its influence as a moral and spiritual guide is emphasized. 10p. 11f. 4b.
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$70
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08040. SUFISM. A comparison of the Zahid and Arif sects of sufism: a mystical element of the Islamic religion which stresses asceticism and contemplation as a means of becoming closer to God. 8 pages, 17 footnotes, 11 bibliographic sources.
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$56
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08027. WOMEN IN ISLAM: SEX ROLES IN TRANSITION. This paper studies the role Islamic law, local tradition, state action, and economic development play in the status of women in Islamic society. Also discusses the changing role of women in Islam. 14 pages, 29 footnotes, 9 bibliographic sources.
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$98
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08021. THE RISE OF ISLAM. Considers the factors which led to the establishment and rapid rise of the Islamic faith in the Middle East. 5 pages, 8 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources.
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$35
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07738. THE VIEWS OF GOD IN HINDU, BUDDHIST, AND CHINESE RELIGIOUS PHILOSOPHY. A good overview of the metaphysical concepts of Hinduism, the main schools of Buddhist thought, and the Chinese philosophers. The study focuses on the theory of an Ultimate Reality or process in the major Oriental Religious philosophies. 9p. 9f. 1b.
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$63
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07737. THE VIEWS OF MAN IN HINDU, BUDDHIST AND CHINESE RELIGIOUS PHILOSOPHY. A general comparison of the concept of human nature found in the major oriental religious philosophers. Theories of humanism and of personal and social psychology are examined in the philosophies of the great Eastern religious traditions. 9p., 10f., 1b.
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$63
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07730. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ON THE ORIGINS OF THE BAHA'I RELIGION. Chronicles the development of the Baha'i religion in the context with the political and economic situation within Iran during the 19th century. This research advocates the position that the Baha'i movement was entirely indigenous to Iran, rather than a product of international nurturing. 11p. 5b.
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$77
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07715. THE DRUZE PEOPLE OF LEBANON: AN OVERVIEW OF THEIR RELIGION AND HISTORY. A comprehensive analysis of the Druze people (aka: Druse) of Lebanon. Their religion, customs, history, and culture are described with detail and in contrast to other peoples of the Middle East. This work also evaluates the Druze role in the 1983-84 period of Lebanese conflict. 11 pages, 25 footnotes, 10 bibliographic sources.
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$77
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07708. SUFI ALLEGORY IN THE DIVAN OF HAFIZ. The terms and symbols for spiritual enlightenment in the 14th Century Persian poet's work are analyzed; Hafiz is considered as a legitimate adherent of Sufi mysticism on the basis of a textual study of five of his poems. 15p. 27f. 11b.
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$105
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07653. MYTHS AND MODERN STORYTELLING. A comparative essay analyzing the use of mythology by the ancient and modern writers. 5p. 3f. 2b.
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$35
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07651. PHILOSOPHY AND THE FEMININE PRESENCE IN MAJOR MYTHOLOGY. Essay argues that while some primitive myths create/imitate stereotypes of women, the most important myths are the philosophically advanced: ones such as Indian, Buddhist, Taoist, and Jainist which are concerned with philosophical issues and take the essential equality of men and women -- and all living beings -- for granted. Mentions Hesiod, Finnish Kalevala, Genesis, Japanese Nihongi, Islam, Rig-Veda, Buddhism, Taoism, Jainism. 6p. 9f. 1b.
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$42
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07650. RELIGION AND CIVILIZATION IN THE ARAB RESURGENCE OF THE 20TH CENTURY. Interesting study, applying categories of Arnold Toynbee to modern Arab history. Covers Toynbee's analysis of Islam's success explained by its ability to meet these needs; Islamic vs. Western views of the confrontation between civilizations in last 200 years; Arab thinkers as examples of Westernization or traditionalism (Al-Afghani, Nuri al-Said, Haj Amin al-Husseini, Nasser); positive and negative views of resurgence of Islamic thought in 1970s; pro-Islamic conclusion. 8p. 21f. 4b.
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$56
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07601. BUDDHISM AND SOCIAL RELATIONS. Summary of the principles of Buddhism, and how they might be used to construct a Buddhist sociology. Eightfold path, five precepts of right conduct, compassion, important sutras; some historical Buddhist societies; Buddhism compared to Freud; how Buddhism rejects most of the individualistic precepts of Western urban society. 7 pages, 0 footnotes, 0 bibliographic sources.
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$49
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07383. THE UNICORN IN MYTHOLOGY. Well-written summary of what is known about unicorns, from Chinese, Arab and Russian legends as well as European. How unicorn was accepted by Greeks and Romans as a real beast, various legends and lore, the fact that non-virgin women may also attract unicorns (but men and elephants are their natural enemies). 7p. 10f. 1b.
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$49
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07382B. SLIGHTLY EDITED AND REWORKED VERSION OF BUDDHISM IN CHINA, ABOVE. 7p. 5f. 6b.
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$49
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07382A. CHINESE RELIGION AND CIVILIZATION. Very detailed study of Buddhism in China, why it was the leading religion of one dynasty but has never dominated. Includes comparative histories of Confucianism and Buddhism, sociopolitical reasons for Confucianism under the Han Dynasty and Buddhism under the T'ang Dynasty; emphasizes the success of Buddhism in adapting to the conditions in China. 8 pages, 6 footnotes, 6 bibliographic sources.
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$56
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07360. RELIGION AND CIVILIZATION IN EARLY GREECE. Good overview of the practice of religion in classical Greece. Origins of Greek religion; how festivals brought city-states together; relations of religion and state; evolution of philosophical schools from religion; impact on future civilizations of Rome and Europe. 7p. 10f. 3b.
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$49
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07249. FAITH AND REASON. Investigates the basis of faith, and whether theologian St. Thomas Aquinas represents a rational middle point between faith and reason. Emphasizes Aquinas on faith as an aspect of human will; finds that this complements reason rather than opposing it. Hopes for a faith based on reason. 6 pages, 8 footnotes, 4 bibliographic sources.
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$42
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07245. ISLAMIC PRACTICES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA COMPARED TO ARABIA. Compares the traditional beliefs of Islam in two societies: The influence of Wahhab and fundamentalism in Arabia vs. the blending of Islam and traditional practices in sub-Saharan Africa. Shows how African practices deviate from Islamic norms in many respects, even while the increasing knowledge of Islam supplants traditional beliefs and creates recognizable Islamic societies in Africa. 10 pages, 15 footnotes, 8 bibliographic sources.
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$70
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07244. BOOK REPORT: WHAT THE BUDDHA TAUGHT BY PUHALA. Good summary and review of this book written to clarify what the Buddha taught, i.e., that he never claimed to be anything other than a human i search of truth and that he left no rules for Buddhist religion. Also clarifies some common misconceptions on meditation and mysticism. 5p. 1b.
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$35
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07243. FUNDAMENTALISM IN THE ISLAMIC WORLD. Overview of the origins and role of Islamic fundamentalism; includes conservative aspects of orthodox Islam, Wahhabi movement, al-Afghani and other thinkers, early political movements, Iranian Revolution, other modern movements, extent of fundamentalism. 11p. 19f. 5b.
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$77
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07077. RELIGIOUS AND PHILOSOPHICAL VIEWS OF MAN. 7p. 1b. Notes in text. See section 18D. 20th Century Philosophy.
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$49
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07075. THE BLENDING OF EASTERN AND WESTERN PSYCHOLOGIES. Favorable review of eastern types of psychological therapy which treat the inner man rather than western techniques which focus on the outer man; summarizes zen and yoga based therapies and attempts to combine benefits of both styles of therapy. 12p. 20f. 8b.
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$84
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06659. THE LIMITATIONS OF ISLAM'S IMPACT ON MEDIEVAL EUROPE. Arguing that Islam was not a significant factor in the shaping of Europe, this paper cites the limitations of Islam's military, cultural, economic and political impact on medieval Europe. 6 pages, 5 footnotes, 5 bibliographic sources.
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$42
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06571. UNITY OF GOD IN ISLAM. The Islamic doctrine of Tauhid, the absolute unity and uniqueness of God, is reviewed in its theological and historical aspects. 10p. 11f. 4b.
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$70
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06570. THE MEANING OF JESUS FOR MOSLEMS AND CHRISTIANS. The Christian view of Jesus as the Messiah is contrasted with the Moslem view of Jesus as prophet of the Old Testament. Passages from the Bible and the Koran are compared for their descriptions of the life of Jesus. 8p. 9f. 2b.
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$56
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06568. CHRISTIANITY, ISLAM AND JUDAISM. The genealogical and scriptural authorities of the three great world religions are compared in this study. The underlying unity of the faiths is emphasized, as the backgrounds, myths and rituals of the three religions are analyzed. 11 pages, 12 footnotes, 5 bibliographic sources.
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$77
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06156. JUDAIC ELEMENTS IN ISLAM. Very good detailed study of similarities between Judaism and Islam; traces history of the Jews to early Christian era; history of Mohammed and his message. Conclusion points up similarities based on common needs and heritage, also differences. 25p. 22f. 8b.
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$133
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06151. THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND THE RELIGION OF ISLAM. This paper provides a very good study of the rise and fall of the Ottoman Empire, focusing on its role as an Islamic state, growth and development of Islamic institutions in the Empire, the Empire as a bulwark against European colonialism and other contributions of the Empire to the history of Islam. KEYWORDS: ottoman empire history islam. 19 pages, 32 footnotes, 5 bibliographic sources.
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$133
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06143. THE JEWISH CONTEXT OF EARLY ISLAM. The paper explores the social and religious situation of Arabia at the time of Mohammed's rise. Considers Jewish religious thought at the time as the background for the teachings of Islam. Deals with the origins of the Koran and Islamic law or shari'ah as the basis of Moslem religious belief. 20p. 14f. 6b.
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$133
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06108. BUDDHISM AND THE CHINESE RELIGIONS TRADITION. Solid historical essay stressing the synthesis of religious traditions in the first wave of Buddhist religion in China. 6 pages, 9 footnotes, 3 bibliographic sources.
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$42
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06090. DEVELOPMENT OF ZOROASTRIANISM. Detailed historical study of Zoroastrianism, focusing on the borrowings of this religion from the more ancient cult of Mithra, and also on the survival of Zoroastriamism in the Parsees of India. 12p. 14f. 6b.
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$84
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06080. MUHAMMED'S VISION OF THE ISLAMIC STATE. Detailed discussion of what Muhammed may have though about the political expansion of Islam; good discussion of the evidence that Muhammed may not have foreseen expansion beyond Arabia. 6p. 0f. 6b.
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$42
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06060. MUHAMMED'S VISION OF THE ISLAMIC STATE. The issue of whether Muhammed had a political vision of Islam and intended to conquer the Middle East is addressed in this paper. 6p. 5b.
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$42
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06031. THE ISLAMIC CONQUEST OF IRAN. An erudite paper dealing with the Tynbean analysis of historical change and its applicability to the rise of Islam and the collapse of the Persian Empire. The paper concludes that the Toynbean thesis is misguided in the view of Islam which it presents and therefore that the entire thesis should be regarded with circumspection. 22p. 22f. 7b.
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$133
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06007. THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINESE SCHOOLS OF BUDDHISM: THE CASE OF CH `AN. This essay offers a brief treatment of the proliferation of various sects during the T'ang dynasty (618-907 AD). It concentrates upon the special features of the Ch `an (Zen) school. 6p. 7f. 4b.
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$42
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05850. ZEN BUDDHISM. A study of Zen in the West demonstrating that it developed in the U.S. after the arrival of the Japanese immigrants at the turn of the century. The appeal of Zen as a philosophy of action is shown tp have been appealing to the post-war generation. 6 pages, 4 footnotes, 5 bibliographic sources.
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$42
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05494. ISLAM IN AFRICA. The impact of Islam on coastal regions of Africa and the accord reached between Arab and indiginous cultures. 5p. 1b.
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$35
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05487. BUDDHISM. This term paper provides a review of the central creeds of Buddhism and Buddhist thought, enlightenmemt being the most important. 8 pages, 5 footnotes, 4 bibliographic sources. 1,945 words.
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$56
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05486. JAPANESE BUDDHISM. The new Buddhist movement of Nichere Shoshu and its growth in the U.S. after World War II among poor and working class communities is documented. 6p. 14f. 3b.
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$42
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05432. ISLAM, COMMUNISM, SOCIALISM AND CAPITALISM. A discussion of the theoretical gulfs and possible pragmatic closenesses of Islamic political thought, Soviet Communism, non-Marxist socialism and American style capitalism with reference to foreign policy as well as domestic orientations. 21p. 26f. 11b.
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$133
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05384. SOME PERSPECTIVES ON ISLAMIC LAW. The four schools of Islamic law are explained; all are based on the Korean and the Sharia. Islamic law is shown to be fundamentally different from Western Law in being deductive not inductive. Other differences in legal practices are documented. 10p. 8f. 12b.
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$70
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05026. AN ANALYSIS OP CONFUCIANISM IN MODERN JAPAN. An examination of the impact of the thought of Confucius on the political culture of modern Japan. It is suggested that in some regards Confucianism played the same role in the modernization of Japan as the "Protestant Ethic" did in the modernization of Europe. 10p., 13f., 8b.
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$70
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04994. THE THEODICY OF THE MUSLIM PHILOSOPHERS. The concept of God in the philosophy of the MUslim Golden Age from the 8th to the l3th centuries is reviewed in this study. The debt to Greek and Arabic thought, and Aristotle in particular, is considered in the thought of al-Kindi, al-Farabi, Ibn-Sina, al-Ghazali, Averroes and the other major Muslim philosophers of this period. 12p., 16f., 5b.
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$84
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04631. GIBSON'S THEISM AND EMPIRICISM. Good summary and discussion of this book; the theme is that theologians have allowed themselves to be placed on the defensive by a materialist culture, in trying to prove the existence of God. 7p., 7f., 8b.
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$49
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04413. THE MYTH OF OSIRIS: A QUESTION OF THE ETERNAL. A comprehensive study of the origins and significance of the Egyptian myth of Osiris, with a look at his role as god of the afterlife and the concept of the eternal in Egyptian religion. 13p., 11f., 7b.
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$91
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04096. FIELD OBSERVATION ON RELIGION. A student's report of his observations of two churches in Berkeley, the Catholic and a group of self-identified Satanists. Also discusses the role of each religion for its participants. 11p.,5f., 2b.
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$77
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03967. THE ZEN KOAN. The technique of the koan for expressing the inexpressible is analyzed. The verbal formulas of the dialogues and the principles embodied therein are seen as learning devices and tools for the seeker of enlightenment. 9p., 0f., 3b.
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$63
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03903. THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAM: SHI'A AND SUFI. Very good study of the development of factionalism in the Moslem religion, focusing on the political history of Mohammed's successors that led to the birth of Shi'ite Islam, and the popular faith that found expression in the Sufi movement; other sects also mentioned. Knowledgeable and well written. 9p., 12f., 3b.
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$63
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03903A. SOME FACTORS IN THE ORIGIN OF ISLAM. Good discussion of economic and social factors in 6th and 7th Century Arabia which contributed to rise of Islam; trade, spiritual malaise, philosophy of Islam as a corrective to prevalent social problems. 5p.; 10f.; 3b.
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$35
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03878. THE ISLAMIZATION OF ANATOLIA. Detailed, sophisticated history of the Moslem conquest of the Anatolian peninsula (Turkey) by the Seljuk and Ottoman Turks, focusing on the question of how and why Moslem culture replaced Byzantine Greek culture, and the political-historical consequences of the Islamic victory. 21p.; 40f.; 20b. (9b. in French).
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$133
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03823. THE TAOIST STANDARD OF INACTION. A number of interpretations of the applications of the Taoist concept of inaction are reviewed. The thoughts of Lao-Tzu, Waley, Welch, Creel and other commentators are discussed, and a thorough analysis of the phrases of the texts is made. 10p., 0f., 0b
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$70
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03790. THE SPIRITUAL AND CULTURAL LEGACY OF THE TEACHINGS OF ZOROASTER. Good thorough study of the importance of this ancient Persian religion, the first to preach monotheism; its background and history, teachings, ethical precepts, and its influence on the thought of ancient Greece. 11p., 10f., 5b.
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$77
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03768. THE RELIGIOUS CURRENT THROUGH ANCIENT EGYPT AND CLASSICAL GREECE. This study examines Egyptian religion and traces its influence on Greek mystical thought, especially the ideas of Pythagoras and the Elusinian Mysteries. 6p., 0f., 0b.
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$42
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